Robert Salter (d. 1779) was a soldier and politician from Pitt County. A member of the Pitt County Committee of Safety in 1774, he represented Pitt in the Third Provincial Congress and was a state senator in 1777-8. He served as a Lt. Colonel in the Pitt County Regiment of the North Carolina Militia from 1775-1779. In June 1777 he arrested William May and William Tyler, two members of the Gourd Patch Conspiracy, and in response, John Lewellen made plans to either intimidate or attack Salter in order to force the men's release. In response, in July 1777 Salter helped transmit information to Governor Richard Caswell regarding the discovery of the Gourd Patch Conspiracy.